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Installation of Oracle

Installing Oracle Database involves several steps, including downloading the software, preparing the environment, running the installer, and configuring the database. Below is a general guide for installing Oracle Database on a Linux system. The steps may vary slightly depending on the specific version of Oracle and the operating system.

Prerequisites

1. System Requirements: Ensure your system meets the hardware and software requirements for the Oracle version you are installing.
2. Oracle Account: You need an Oracle account to download the software from the Oracle website.
3. Required Packages: Install necessary packages and libraries. For example, on a Linux system, you might need packages like binutils, compat-libstdc++, elfutils-libelf, gcc, glibc, libaio, libgcc, libstdc++, make, sysstat, and unixODBC.

Step-by-Step Installation Guide

1. Download the Oracle Software

• Go to the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) and download the appropriate version of Oracle Database for your operating system.

2. Prepare the Environment

• Create Oracle User and Groups:
  sudo groupadd oinstall
  sudo groupadd dba
  sudo useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
  sudo passwd oracle

• Set Kernel Parameters:
  Edit /etc/sysctl.conf to include the following parameters:
  kernel.shmall = 2097152
  kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
  kernel.shmmni = 4096
  kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
  fs.file-max = 6815744
  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
  net.core.rmem_default = 262144
  net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
  net.core.wmem_default = 262144
  net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

  Apply the changes:

  sudo sysctl -p

• Set User Limits:
  Edit /etc/security/limits.conf to include:
  oracle soft nproc 2047
  oracle hard nproc 16384
  oracle soft nofile 1024
  oracle hard nofile 65536

• Create Directories:
  sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
  sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
  sudo chmod -R 775 /u01/app

3. Configure Environment Variables

• Edit the .bash_profile or .bashrc file for the oracle user:
  export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
  export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
  export ORACLE_SID=orcl
  export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

4. Run the Oracle Installer

• Unzip the downloaded Oracle software:
  unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip

• Navigate to the database directory and start the installer:
  cd database
  ./runInstaller

• Follow the prompts in the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI):
  • Select installation option (e.g., “Install database software only” or “Create and configure a database”).
  • Specify the Oracle Base and Home directories.
  • Choose the database edition (Enterprise, Standard, etc.).
  • Complete the prerequisite checks.
  • Review the summary and start the installation.

5. Execute Configuration Scripts

• After the installation, the OUI will prompt you to run configuration scripts as the root user:
  sudo /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
  sudo /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

6. Configure the Database (if not done during installation)

• If you chose to create a database during installation, it will be configured automatically. Otherwise, you can use the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to create and configure a database:
  dbca

7. Verify the Installation

• Check the status of the Oracle listener:
  lsnrctl status

• Connect to the database using SQL*Plus:
  sqlplus / as sysdba

Post-Installation Tasks

• Backup: Take a backup of your new database.
• Security: Apply the latest security patches and updates.
• Networking: Configure Oracle Net Services for remote connections if needed.

Troubleshooting

• Check Logs: Review the installation logs located in $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs for any errors.
• Environment Variables: Ensure all environment variables are correctly set.
• Permissions: Verify that the Oracle user has the correct permissions on all directories.

This guide provides a high-level overview of the Oracle Database installation process. For detailed instructions, refer to the official Oracle documentation specific to your version and operating system.